数据库查询
利用Connection对象的createStatement方法建立Statement对象，利用Statement对象的executeQuery()方法执行SQL查询语句进行查询，返回结果集，再形如getXXX()的方法从结果集中读取数据。经过这样的一系列步骤就能实现对数据库的查询。
【例】Java应用程序访问数据库。应用程序打开考生信息表ksInfo，从中取出考生的各项信息。设考生信息数据库的结构如下：
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.sql.*;
public class Example10_9 extends JFrame implements ActionListener{
public static Connection connectByJdbcodbc(String url, String username,String password){
Connection con = null;
try{
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); //加载ODBC驱动程序
}
catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
return null; //加载失败，连接不成功
}
try{
con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
}
catch (SQLException e){
e.printStackTrace();
return null; //连接失败
}
return con; //连接成功
}
String title[] ={"考号", "姓名", "成绩", "地址", "简历"};
JTextField txtNo = new JTextField(8);
JTextField txtName = new JTextField(10);
JTextField txtScore = new JTextField(3);
JTextField txtAddr = new JTextField(30);
JTextArea txtresume = new JTextArea();
JButton prev = new JButton("前一个");
JButton next = new JButton("后一个");
JButton first = new JButton("第一个");
JButton last = new JButton("最后一个");
Statement sql; //SQL语句对象
ResultSet rs; //存放查询结果对象
Example10_9(Connection connect){
super("考生信息查看窗口");
setSize(450, 350);
try{
sql = connect.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE,ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);
rs = sql.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM ksInfo");
Container con = getContentPane();
con.setLayout(new BorderLayout(0, 6); JPanel p[] = new JPanel[4];
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){
p[i] = new JPane(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT, 8, 0));
p[i].add(new JLabel(title[i]));
}
p[0].add(txtNo);
p[1].add(txtName);
p[2].add(txtScore);
p[3].add(txtAddr);
JPanel p1 = new JPane(new GridLayout94, 1, 0, 8));
JScrollPane jsp = new JScrollPane(txtResume,
JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS,
JScrollPane.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER);
jsp.setPreforredSize(new Dimension(300, 60);
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){
p1.add(p[i]);
}
JPanel p2 = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT, 10, 0);
p2.add(new JLabel(title[4]));
p2.add(jsp);
Jpanel p3 = new Jpanel();
p3.add(prev);
p3.add(next);
p3.add(first);
p3.add(last);
prev.addActionListener(this);
next.addActionListener(this);
first.addActionListener(this);
last.addActionlistener(this);
rs.first();
readRecord();
}
catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace():
}
setVisible(ture);
}
public void modifyRecord(Connection connect){
String stuNo = (String)JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null,
"请输入考生考号", "输入考号对话框", JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE, null,
null, "");
try {
sql = connect.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE,ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);
rs = sql.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM ksInfo");
Container con = getContentPane();
con.setLayout(new Boarderlayout(0, 6));
Jpanel p[] = new JPanel[4];
for (int i = 0; i < ; i++){
p[i] = new JPane(new FlowLayout(flowLayout.LEFT, 8, 0));
p[i].add(new JLabel(title[i]));
}
p[0].add(txtNo);
p[1].add(txtName);
p[2].add(txtScore);
p[3].add(txtAddr);
Jpanel p1 = new Jpane(new GridLayout(4, 1, 0, 8));
JScrollPane jsp = new JScrollPane(txtResume,
JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS,
JScrollPane.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER);
jsp.setPreferredSize (new dimension(300, 60));
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){
p1.add(p[i]);
}
Jpanel p2 = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT, 10, 0));
p2.add(new JLableI(title[4]));
p2.add(jsp);
JPanel p3 = new JPanel();
p3.add(prev);
p3.add(next);
p3.add(first);
p3.add(last);
prev.addActionListener(this);
next.addActionListener(this);
first.addActionListenerIthis);
last.addActionListener(this);
rs.first();
readRecord();
}
catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
setVisible(true);
}
boolean readRecord(){
try{
txtNo.setText(rs.getString("考号")); txtName.setText(rs.getString("姓名")); txtScore.setText(rs.getString("成绩"));
txtAddr.setText(rs.getString("地址")); txtResume.setText(rs.getString("简历"));
}
catch (SQLException e){
e.printStackTrace(); return false;
}
return true;
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
try{
if (e.getSource() == prev)rs.previous();
else if (e.getSource() == next)rs.next();
else if (e.getSource() == first)rs.first();
else if (e.getSource() == last)rs.last(); readRecord();
}
catch (Exception e2){}
}
public static void main(String args[]){
connection connect = null;
JFrame .setDefaultLookAndFeeDecorated(true);
Font font = new Font("JFrame", Font.PLAIN, 14);
if ((connect =connectByJdbcOdbc("jdbc:odbc:redsun", "xia", "1234")) == null){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "数据库连接失败!");
System.exit ( - 1);
}
new Example10_9(connect); //创建对象
}
}
Java数据库更新
数据库更新操作包括数据表创建、删除、以及数据表记录的增加、删除、修改等操作。如果利用数据 SQL命令实现，则利用Statement对旬的executeUpdate()方法，执行SQL的update语句，实现数据表的修改；执行SQL的insert语句，实现数据表记录的添加。
例如，在前面数据为查询例子基础上，再增加对数据表的修改和插入。限于篇幅，不再给出完整程序，只给出实现修改和插入的方法。程序可再增设插入、，，除保存按钮，通过已有的浏览，定位到数据表的特定位置，对痈疽记录进行编辑修改，或插入，或删除，然后按保存按钮，完成修改后的数据表保存。
下面用代码说明数据表更新的方法。与数据表连接时，需指定获得的ResultSet 对象是可更新的。
stmt = connect.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE,ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);