一种c#深拷贝方式完胜java深拷贝(实现上的对比分析)


楼主是一名asp.net攻城狮,最近经常跑java组客串帮忙开发,所以最近对java的一些基础知识特别上心。却遇到需要将一个对象深拷贝出来做其他事情,而原对象保持原有状态的情况。(实在是不想自己new一个出来,然后对着一堆字段赋值......好吧,再此之前我没有关心是否项目框架有深拷贝的方法),然后就想着用反射实现吧....接下来

是我自己的原因,还是真的不存在这样的纯用反射实现的深拷贝方式....(c#是有纯反射实现的)

但也不能算自己白忙活吧,也找到了其他实现深拷贝的方式(但是每种方式我都觉得并不是太合理,也许是因为c#的方式带入了吧,最后贴出c#版本纯反射实现深拷贝的代码)

方式一:实现Cloneable接口,重写clone方法

实体类:一个轮胎类,一个车辆类,车辆中包含轮胎

/**轮胎类**/
public class Tire implements Cloneable {
  public String color;
  public int radius;
  public Tire(){}
  public Tire(String color, int radius) {
    this.color = color;
    this.radius = radius;
  }

  @Override
  protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
    return super.clone();
  }
}
/**车辆类**/
public class Car implements Cloneable{
  public String name;
  public String color;
  public Tire tire;
  public Car() {}
  public Car(String name, String color, Tire tire) {
    this.name = name;
    this.color = color;
    this.tire = tire;
  }
  public void whistle(){
    System.out.println("汽车"+this.name+" 鸣笛...");
  }
  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }
  public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  public String getColor() {
    return color;
  }
  public void setColor(String color) {
    this.color = color;
  }
  public Tire getTire() {
    return tire;
  }
  public void setTire(Tire tire) {
    this.tire = tire;
  }
  @Override
  protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
    return super.clone();
  }
}

@Test
  public void test() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
    Tire tire = new Tire("black",100);
    Car car = new Car("奔驰","white",tire);
    Car car_copy = (Car)car.clone();
    System.out.println("car:"+car.hashCode()+" car.tire:"+car.tire.hashCode());
    System.out.println("car_copy:"+car_copy.hashCode()+" car_copy.tire:"+car_copy.tire.hashCode());
    car_copy.color = "blue";
    System.out.println("car_copy:"+car_copy.color+" car:"+car.color);
  }

输出结果:

car:1223737555 car.tire:906199566
car_copy:542081238 car_copy.tire:906199566
car_copy:blue car:white

从结果可以的之,car与car_copy的内存地址并不一致,但car.tire与car_copy.tire的内存地址却是一致的,说明“奔驰”车确实又造出了一辆,但却公用同一幅轮胎(这种情形....哈哈哈),好吧,也就是只复制了tire的引用,这可以说是深拷贝的不彻底 (hashCode()的值可以当作是内存地址来理解),那么要怎样才能彻底,真正的深拷贝?

修改Car类中的clone方法:

@Override
  protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
    Car car = (Car)super.clone();
    car.tire = (Tire)car.tire.clone();
    return car;
  }

输出结果:

car:1223737555 car.tire:906199566
car_copy:542081238 car_copy.tire:1133736492
car_copy:blue car:white

这样最终实现了,但这种方式用到项目中并不是很合适吧,每个需要深拷贝的类,都要实现Cloneable接口,并覆盖其clone方法,遇到引用其他类时候更是需要修改clone方法,要是引用其他类,其他类再引用其他类呢?这不好吧......

方式二:通过序列化与反序列化实现(实现Serializable接口)

实体类:与第一种方式类似,换成实现Serializable接口,去掉clone方法

/**轮胎类**/
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class Tire implements java.io.Serializable {
  public String color;
  public int radius;
  public Tire(){}
  public Tire(String color, int radius) {
    this.color = color;
    this.radius = radius;
  }
}
/**车辆类**/
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class Car implements java.io.Serializable{
  public String name;
  public String color;
  public Tire tire;
  public Car() {}
  public Car(String name, String color, Tire tire) {
    this.name = name;
    this.color = color;
    this.tire = tire;
  }
  public void whistle(){
    System.out.println("汽车"+this.name+" 鸣笛...");
  }
  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }
  public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  public String getColor() {
    return color;
  }
  public void setColor(String color) {
    this.color = color;
  }
  public Tire getTire() {
    return tire;
  }
  public void setTire(Tire tire) {
    this.tire = tire;
  }
}

深拷贝方法:

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public static Object deepClone(Object obj)
  {
    Object copyObj = null;
    ObjectOutputStream out = null;
    ObjectInputStream in = null;
    try {
      // 序列化
      ByteArrayOutputStream bufferOut = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
      out = new ObjectOutputStream(bufferOut);

      out.writeObject(obj);

      // 反序列化
      ByteArrayInputStream bufferIn = new ByteArrayInputStream(bufferOut.toByteArray());
      in = new ObjectInputStream(bufferIn);
      copyObj = in.readObject();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      throw new RuntimeException(e); 
    }finally{
       try{
         if(in != null){
           in.close();
         }
         if(out!=null){
           out.close();
         }
       }catch(IOException e){
         throw new RuntimeException(e);
       }
    }
    return copyObj;
  }

单元测试:

@Test
  public void test() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
    Tire tire = new Tire("black",100);
    Car car = new Car("奔驰","white",tire);
    Car car_copy = (Car)deepClone(car);
    System.out.println("car:"+car.hashCode()+" car.tire:"+car.tire.hashCode());
    System.out.println("car_copy:"+car_copy.hashCode()+" car_copy.tire:"+car_copy.tire.hashCode());
    car_copy.color = "blue";
    System.out.println("car_copy:"+car_copy.color+" car:"+car.color);
  }

输出结果:

car:2019524978 car.tire:855703640
car_copy:1407965019 car_copy.tire:545768040
car_copy:blue car:white

从结果集中可以看出是深拷贝是正确的,但是每个类还是需要实现Serializable,好像也不合适吧......

优化一下深拷贝方法:将其换成泛型,这样拷贝出来就不需要强转了(好吧,其实也没比上面的方法好到哪去...)

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  public static <T> T deepClone(T obj)
  {
    T copyObj = null;
    ObjectOutputStream out = null;
    ObjectInputStream in = null;
    try {
      // 序列化
      ByteArrayOutputStream bufferOut = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
      out = new ObjectOutputStream(bufferOut);

      out.writeObject(obj);

      // 反序列化
      ByteArrayInputStream bufferIn = new ByteArrayInputStream(bufferOut.toByteArray());
      in = new ObjectInputStream(bufferIn);
      copyObj = (T)in.readObject();
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
      throw new RuntimeException(e); 
    }finally{
       try{
         if(in != null){
           in.close();
         }
         if(out!=null){
           out.close();
         }
       }catch(IOException e){
         throw new RuntimeException(e);
       }
    }
    return copyObj;
  }

通过序列化与反序列化深拷贝还有更简单的实现方式,就是需要导个包(拷贝的类也必须实现Serializable接口),当然,我已经为你们准备好了 点击->org.apache.commons.lang

深拷贝方法:就一行代码...

public Object deepClone(Object obj){
     return org.apache.commons.lang.SerializationUtils.clone((Serializable)obj);
   }

好了,java的暂时就到这里了,当然对于这两种方式并不是很满意...

-------------------------------------------------

C#深拷贝 反射实现

下面方法是c#的深拷贝,纯反射实现,无需实现任何接口,哦对,需要实体类有个无参的构造方法,简单使用强大,微软大法好啊......有需要用到的同学就拿去用吧,目前经过一个几百W的项目框架中考验,真的强大实用

/// <summary>
    /// 对象拷贝
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="obj">被复制对象</param>
    /// <returns>新对象</returns>
    private object CopyOjbect(object obj) {
      if (obj == null) {
        return null;
      }
      Object targetDeepCopyObj;
      Type targetType = obj.GetType();
      //值类型 
      if (targetType.IsValueType == true) {
        targetDeepCopyObj = obj;
      }
      //引用类型  
      else {
        targetDeepCopyObj = System.Activator.CreateInstance(targetType);  //创建引用对象  
        System.Reflection.MemberInfo[] memberCollection = obj.GetType().GetMembers();

        foreach (System.Reflection.MemberInfo member in memberCollection) {
          //拷贝字段
          if (member.MemberType == System.Reflection.MemberTypes.Field)
          {
            System.Reflection.FieldInfo field = (System.Reflection.FieldInfo)member;
            Object fieldValue = field.GetValue(obj);
            if (fieldValue is ICloneable)
            {
              field.SetValue(targetDeepCopyObj, (fieldValue as ICloneable).Clone());
            }
            else
            {
              field.SetValue(targetDeepCopyObj, CopyOjbect(fieldValue));
            }

          }//拷贝属性
          else if (member.MemberType == System.Reflection.MemberTypes.Property) {
            System.Reflection.PropertyInfo myProperty = (System.Reflection.PropertyInfo)member;

            MethodInfo info = myProperty.GetSetMethod(false);
            if (info != null) {
              try {
                object propertyValue = myProperty.GetValue(obj, null);
                if (propertyValue is ICloneable) {
                  myProperty.SetValue(targetDeepCopyObj, (propertyValue as ICloneable).Clone(), null);
                }
                else {
                  myProperty.SetValue(targetDeepCopyObj, CopyOjbect(propertyValue), null);
                }
              }
              catch (System.Exception ex) {

              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
      return targetDeepCopyObj;
    }

以上这篇一种c#深拷贝方式完胜java深拷贝(实现上的对比分析)就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持phpstudy。

单元测试:


« 
» 
快速导航

Copyright © 2016 phpStudy | 豫ICP备2021030365号-3