利用NodeJS和PhantomJS抓取网站页面信息以及网站截图


利用PhantomJS做网页截图经济适用,但其API较少,做其他功能就比较吃力了。例如,其自带的Web Server Mongoose最高只能同时支持10个请求,指望他能独立成为一个服务是不怎么实际的。所以这里需要另一个语言来支撑服务,这里选用NodeJS来完成。

安装PhantomJS

首先,去PhantomJS官网下载对应平台的版本,或者下载源代码自行编译。然后将PhantomJS配置进环境变量,输入

$ phantomjs

如果有反应,那么就可以进行下一步了。

利用PhantomJS进行简单截图

dnode library, which fortunately works well enough when combined with browserify to run straight out of PhantomJS's pidgin Javascript environment.

实际上phantomjs-node使用的也是HTTP或者Websocket来进行通讯,不过其依赖庞大,我们只想做一个简单的东西,暂时还是不考虑这个东东吧。

 

设计图

 

让我们开始吧
我们在第一版中选用HTTP进行实现。

首先利用cluster进行简单的进程守护(index.js):

复制代码 代码如下:

module.exports = (function () {
  "use strict"
  var cluster = require('cluster')
    , fs = require('fs');

  if(!fs.existsSync('./snapshot')) {
    fs.mkdirSync('./snapshot');
  }

  if (cluster.isMaster) {
    cluster.fork();

    cluster.on('exit', function (worker) {
      console.log('Worker' + worker.id + ' died :(');
      process.nextTick(function () {
        cluster.fork();
      });
    })
  } else {
    require('./extract.js');
  }
})();

然后利用connect做我们的对外API(extract.js):

复制代码 代码如下:

module.exports = (function () {
  "use strict"
  var connect = require('connect')
    , fs = require('fs')
    , spawn = require('child_process').spawn
    , jobMan = require('./lib/jobMan.js')
    , bridge = require('./lib/bridge.js')
    , pkg = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync('./package.json'));

  var app = connect()
    .use(connect.logger('dev'))
    .use('/snapshot', connect.static(__dirname + '/snapshot', { maxAge: pkg.maxAge }))
    .use(connect.bodyParser())
    .use('/bridge', bridge)
    .use('/api', function (req, res, next) {
      if (req.method !== "POST" || !req.body.campaignId) return next();
      if (!req.body.urls || !req.body.urls.length) return jobMan.watch(req.body.campaignId, req, res, next);

      var campaignId = req.body.campaignId
        , imagesPath = './snapshot/' + campaignId + '/'
        , urls = []
        , url
        , imagePath;

      function _deal(id, url, imagePath) {
        // just push into urls list
        urls.push({
          id: id,
          url: url,
          imagePath: imagePath
        });
      }

      for (var i = req.body.urls.length; i--;) {
        url = req.body.urls[i];
        imagePath = imagesPath + i + '.png';
        _deal(i, url, imagePath);
      }

      jobMan.register(campaignId, urls, req, res, next);
      var snapshot = spawn('phantomjs', ['snapshot.js', campaignId]);
      snapshot.stdout.on('data', function (data) {
        console.log('stdout: ' + data);
      });
      snapshot.stderr.on('data', function (data) {
        console.log('stderr: ' + data);
      });
      snapshot.on('close', function (code) {
        console.log('snapshot exited with code ' + code);
      });

    })
    .use(connect.static(__dirname + '/html', { maxAge: pkg.maxAge }))
    .listen(pkg.port, function () { console.log('listen: ' + 'http://localhost:' + pkg.port); });

})();

这里我们引用了两个模块bridge和jobMan。

其中bridge是HTTP通讯桥梁,jobMan是工作管理器。我们通过campaignId来对应一个job,然后将job和response委托给jobMan管理。然后启动PhantomJS进行处理。

通讯桥梁负责接受或者返回job的相关信息,并交给jobMan(bridge.js):

复制代码 代码如下:

module.exports = (function () {
  "use strict"
  var jobMan = require('./jobMan.js')
    , fs = require('fs')
    , pkg = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync('./package.json'));

  return function (req, res, next) {
      if (req.headers.secret !== pkg.secret) return next();
      // Snapshot APP can post url information
      if (req.method === "POST") {
        var body = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(req.body));
        jobMan.fire(body);
        res.end('');
      // Snapshot APP can get the urls should extract
      } else {
        var urls = jobMan.getUrls(req.url.match(/campaignId=([^&]*)(\s|&|$)/)[1]);
        res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'application/json'});
        res.statuCode = 200;
        res.end(JSON.stringify({ urls: urls }));
      }
  };

})();

如果request method为POST,则我们认为PhantomJS正在给我们推送job的相关信息。而为GET时,则认为其要获取job的信息。

jobMan负责管理job,并发送目前得到的job信息通过response返回给client(jobMan.js):

复制代码 代码如下:

module.exports = (function () {
  "use strict"
  var fs = require('fs')
    , fetch = require('./fetch.js')
    , _jobs = {};

  function _send(campaignId){
    var job = _jobs[campaignId];
    if (!job) return;
    if (job.waiting) {
      job.waiting = false;
      clearTimeout(job.timeout);
      var finished = (job.urlsNum === job.finishNum)
        , data = {
        campaignId: campaignId,
        urls: job.urls,
        finished: finished
      };
      job.urls = [];
      var res = job.res;
      if (finished) {
        _jobs[campaignId] = null;
        delete _jobs[campaignId]
      }
      res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'application/json'});
      res.statuCode = 200;
      res.end(JSON.stringify(data));
    }
  }

  function register(campaignId, urls, req, res, next) {
    _jobs[campaignId] = {
      urlsNum: urls.length,
      finishNum: 0,
      urls: [],
      cacheUrls: urls,
      res: null,
      waiting: false,
      timeout: null
    };
    watch(campaignId, req, res, next);
  }

  function watch(campaignId, req, res, next) {
    _jobs[campaignId].res = res;
    // 20s timeout
    _jobs[campaignId].timeout = setTimeout(function () {
      _send(campaignId);
    }, 20000);
  }

  function fire(opts) {
    var campaignId = opts.campaignId
      , job = _jobs[campaignId]
      , fetchObj = fetch(opts.html);

    if (job) {
      if (+opts.status && fetchObj.title) {
        job.urls.push({
          id: opts.id,
          url: opts.url,
          image: opts.image,
          title: fetchObj.title,
          description: fetchObj.description,
          status: +opts.status
        });
      } else {
        job.urls.push({
          id: opts.id,
          url: opts.url,
          status: +opts.status
        });
      }

      if (!job.waiting) {
        job.waiting = true;
        setTimeout(function () {
          _send(campaignId);
        }, 500);
      }
      job.finishNum ++;
    } else {
      console.log('job can not found!');
    }
  }

  function getUrls(campaignId) {
    var job = _jobs[campaignId];
    if (job) return job.cacheUrls;
  }

  return {
    register: register,
    watch: watch,
    fire: fire,
    getUrls: getUrls
  };

})();

这里我们用到fetch对html进行抓取其title和description,fetch实现比较简单(fetch.js):

复制代码 代码如下:

module.exports = (function () {
  "use strict"

  return function (html) {
    if (!html) return { title: false, description: false };

    var title = html.match(/\<title\>(.*?)\<\/title\>/)
      , meta = html.match(/\<meta\s(.*?)\/?\>/g)
      , description;

    if (meta) {
      for (var i = meta.length; i--;) {
        if(meta[i].indexOf('name="description"') > -1 || meta[i].indexOf('name="Description"') > -1){
          description = meta[i].match(/content\=\"(.*?)\"/)[1];
        }
      }
    }

    (title && title[1] !== '') ? (title = title[1]) : (title = 'No Title');
    description || (description = 'No Description');

    return {
      title: title,
      description: description
    };
  };

})();

最后是PhantomJS运行的源代码,其启动后通过HTTP向bridge获取job信息,然后每完成job的其中一个url就通过HTTP返回给bridge(snapshot.js):

复制代码 代码如下:

var webpage = require('webpage')
  , args = require('system').args
  , fs = require('fs')
  , campaignId = args[1]
  , pkg = JSON.parse(fs.read('./package.json'));

function snapshot(id, url, imagePath) {
  var page = webpage.create()
    , send
    , begin
    , save
    , end;
  page.viewportSize = { width: 1024, height: 800 };
  page.clipRect = { top: 0, left: 0, width: 1024, height: 800 };
  page.settings = {
    javascriptEnabled: false,
    loadImages: true,
    userAgent: 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/537.31 (KHTML, like Gecko) PhantomJS/1.9.0'
  };
  page.open(url, function (status) {
    var data;
    if (status === 'fail') {
      data = [
        'campaignId=',
        campaignId,
        '&url=',
        encodeURIComponent(url),
        '&id=',
        id,
        '&status=',
      ].join('');
      postPage.open('http://localhost:' + pkg.port + '/bridge', 'POST', data, function () {});
    } else {
      page.render(imagePath);
      var html = page.content;
      // callback NodeJS
      data = [
        'campaignId=',
        campaignId,
        '&html=',
        encodeURIComponent(html),
        '&url=',
        encodeURIComponent(url),
        '&image=',
        encodeURIComponent(imagePath),
        '&id=',
        id,
        '&status=',
      ].join('');
      postMan.post(data);
    }
    // release the memory
    page.close();
  });
}

var postMan = {
  postPage: null,
  posting: false,
  datas: [],
  len: 0,
  currentNum: 0,
  init: function (snapshot) {
    var postPage = webpage.create();
    postPage.customHeaders = {
      'secret': pkg.secret
    };
    postPage.open('http://localhost:' + pkg.port + '/bridge?campaignId=' + campaignId, function () {
      var urls = JSON.parse(postPage.plainText).urls
        , url;

      this.len = urls.length;

      if (this.len) {
        for (var i = this.len; i--;) {
          url = urls[i];
          snapshot(url.id, url.url, url.imagePath);
        }
      }
    });
    this.postPage = postPage;
  },
  post: function (data) {
    this.datas.push(data);
    if (!this.posting) {
      this.posting = true;
      this.fire();
    }
  },
  fire: function () {
    if (this.datas.length) {
      var data = this.datas.shift()
        , that = this;
      this.postPage.open('http://localhost:' + pkg.port + '/bridge', 'POST', data, function () {
        that.fire();
        // kill child process
        setTimeout(function () {
          if (++this.currentNum === this.len) {
            that.postPage.close();
            phantom.exit();
          }
        }, 500);
      });
    } else {
      this.posting = false;
    }
  }
};
postMan.init(snapshot);

效果

 


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