AngularJS 避繁就简的路由


AngularJS 路由允许我们通过不同的 URL 访问不同的内容。

通过 AngularJS 可以实现多视图的单页Web应用(single page web application,SPA)。

通常我们的URL形式为 http://runoob.com/first/page,但在单页Web应用中 AngularJS 通过 # + 标记 实现,例如:

http://runoob.com/#/first
http://runoob.com/#/second
http://runoob.com/#/third

先看看$routeProvider 的配置对象属性方法:

路由设置对象解析:

$routeProvider.when(url(路由名称), {
 template: string(模板提示字符串),
 templateUrl: string(模板路径URL),
 controller: string, function 或 array(在当前模板创建控制器,生成新的 $scope 作用域),
 controllerAs: string(控制器别名),
 redirectTo: string, function(重定向地址),
 resolve: object<key, function>(当前路由所依赖的模块)
});

实现路由的大致步骤:

第一步:导入ngRoute模块

<script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular-route.min.js"></script>

第二步:在应用模块中使用ngRoute

angular.module("routeApp", ["ngRoute"])

第三步:使用 ng-view 指令

<div ng-view class="well" ng-controller='defaultCtrl'></div>

第四步:配置 $routeProvider 路由规则

...
.config(['$routeProvider', function ($routeProvider){
 $routeProvider
  .when('/home', {
   templateUrl : 'home.tpl.html',
   controller : 'HomeCtrl',
  })
  .when('/computer', {
   templateUrl : 'computer.html',
  })
  .when('/phone', {
   templateUrl : 'phone.html',
  })
  .when('/other', {
   templateUrl : 'other.tpl.html',
   controller : 'OtherCtrl',
  })
}])
...

第五步:通过超链接使用路由

<ul class="nav nav-tabs">
 <li><a href="#/home">首页</a></li>
 <li><a href="#/computer">电脑</a></li>
 <li><a href="#/phone">手机</a></li>
 <li><a href="#/other">其他</a></li>
</ul>

完整案例:
1 route.html页面

<html>
 <head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>AngularJS 路由实例</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
 </head>
 <body ng-app='routeApp'>
  <ul class="nav nav-tabs">
   <li><a href="#/home">首页</a></li>
   <li><a href="#/computer">电脑</a></li>
   <li><a href="#/phone">手机</a></li>
   <li><a href="#/other">其他</a></li>
  </ul>
  <div ng-view class="well" ng-controller='defaultCtrl'></div>


  <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.min.js"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular-route.min.js"></script>
  <script type="text/ng-template" id="home.tpl.html">
   <h1>{{data}}</h1>
  </script>
  <script type="text/ng-template" id="other.tpl.html">
   <h1>{{data}}</h1>
  </script>
  <script type="text/javascript">
  angular.module("routeApp", ["ngRoute"])
   .config(['$routeProvider', function ($routeProvider){
    $routeProvider
     .when('/home', {
      templateUrl : 'home.tpl.html',
      controller : 'HomeCtrl',
     })
     .when('/computer', {
      templateUrl : 'computer.html',
     })
     .when('/phone', {
      templateUrl : 'phone.html',
     })
     .when('/other', {
      templateUrl : 'other.tpl.html',
      controller : 'OtherCtrl',
     })
   }])
   .controller('defaultCtrl', function ($scope) {
    $scope.computers = [
     { id: 0, name: "宏基", category: "Test", price: 1.25 },
     { id: 1, name: "联想", category: "Test", price: 2.45 },
     { id: 2, name: "苹果", category: "Test", price: 4.25 }
    ];
    $scope.phones = [
     { id: 0, name: "三星", category: "Test", price: 1.25 },
     { id: 1, name: "荣耀", category: "Test", price: 2.45 },
     { id: 2, name: "魅族", category: "Test", price: 4.25 }
    ];
   })
   .controller("HomeCtrl", function ($scope, $route) {
    $scope.$route = $route;
    $scope.data = "Home Home";
   })
   .controller("OtherCtrl", function ($scope, $route) {
    $scope.$route = $route;
    $scope.data = "Other Other";
   })
  </script>
 </body>
 </html>

2.computer.html 页面

<div class="panel-body">
 <table class="table table-striped table-hover">
  <thead>
   <tr>
    <th>名称</th>
    <th>类别</th>
    <th class="text-right">价格</th>
    <th>{{data}}</th>
   </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
   <tr ng-repeat="item in computers">
    <td>{{item.name}}</td>
    <td>{{item.category}}</td>
    <td class="text-right">{{item.price | currency}}</td>
    <td class="text-center">
     <button class="btn btn-xs btn-primary" ng-click="deleteProduct(item)">删除</button>
     <a href="/edit/{{item.id}}" class="btn btn-xs btn-primary" ng-click="editOrCreateProduct(item)">编辑</a>
     <button class="btn btn-xs btn-primary" ng-click="incrementPrice(item)">+</button>
    </td>
   </tr>
  </tbody>
 </table>
 <div>
  <button class="btn btn-xs btn-primary" ng-click="editOrCreateProduct()">添加</button>
  <a href="create" class="btn btn-xs btn-primary" ng-click="editOrCreateProduct()">Add</a>
 </div>
</div>

3.phone.html 页面

<div class="panel-body">
 <table class="table table-striped table-hover">
  <thead>
   <tr>
    <th>名称</th>
    <th>类别</th>
    <th class="text-right">价格</th>
    <th>{{data}}</th>
   </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
   <tr ng-repeat="item in phones">
    <td>{{item.name}}</td>
    <td>{{item.category}}</td>
    <td class="text-right">{{item.price | currency}}</td>
    <td class="text-center">
     <button class="btn btn-xs btn-primary" ng-click="deleteProduct(item)">删除</button>
     <a href="/edit/{{item.id}}" class="btn btn-xs btn-primary" ng-click="editOrCreateProduct(item)">编辑</a>
     <button class="btn btn-xs btn-primary" ng-click="incrementPrice(item)">+</button>
    </td>
   </tr>
  </tbody>
 </table>
 <div>
  <button class="btn btn-xs btn-primary" ng-click="editOrCreateProduct()">添加</button>
  <a href="create" class="btn btn-xs btn-primary" ng-click="editOrCreateProduct()">Add</a>
 </div>
</div>

单击“首页”

单击“电脑”

单击“手机”

单击“其他”

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