addHeaderView在setAdapter之前还是报错呢？如图

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

private List<Person> mData = null;
private Context mContext;
private PersonAdapter mAdapter = null;
private ListView listview;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    mContext = MainActivity.this;
    listview = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listview);
     //动态加载顶部View和底部View
    final LayoutInflater inflater = LayoutInflater.from(this);
    View headView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.listview_header, null, false);
    View footView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.listview_footer, null, false);
     //添加表头和表尾需要写在setAdapter方法调用之前！！！
    Log.e("mAdapter", mAdapter+"");
    listview.addHeaderView(headView);
    listview.addFooterView(footView);
    mData = new LinkedList<Person>();
    mData.add(new Person("张三", 20, "男", "四川"));
    mData.add(new Person("李四", 10, "男", "广东"));
    mData.add(new Person("王五", 44, "女", "广西"));
    mData.add(new Person("刘六", 33, "女", "上海"));
    mData.add(new Person("汪七", 55, "男", "浙江"));
    mAdapter = new PersonAdapter((LinkedList<Person>) mData, mContext);
    listview.setAdapter(mAdapter);
}

}

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应该没啥大问题,你把build目录删了,重新构建一下。另外,我想看看你的布局。

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怀疑listview一直有adapter没有释放
执行addHeaderView时，打log看一下listview.getAdapter()看看是否为空
尝试在onDestory时，执行listview.setAdapter(null)是否有用